Brighton.
100 Bishopsgate & 187 Bishopsgate London.
shop also at 13 Gresham St West in 1851 PO Directory155
1861 Rochester Pl Bromley (by Bow)
Hill House Llanstephan (architect Mr Dobson

He had a clothing warehouse and shops in London. One of his apprentices was Thomas Jeremy. According to family information he brought up Maria, Ellen, and Nancy Cutchey, which is how Thomas and Maria met, however there are doubts about this as their father was alive until 1876.

He lived at 100, Bishopsgate without, London, and at Hill House Llanstephan. and 187 Bishopsgate.

1839 Directory 100 Bishopsgate Hy PARNALL Hosier and glover 155

Henry gained the Freedom of the City of London by redemption on 20th Nov 1840, 100 Bishopsgate, Hosier and Outfitter, father Edmond Parnall, farmer, late of Lord Park Carmarthenshire. 94

In 1841 census for St.Botolph, Bishopsgate Bishopsgate St. HO 107/725/12 29 page 51
Henry PARNELL age 30, outfitter
Ann PARNELL 30
Catherine PARNELL age 15.,

!841 PO directory Henry Parnall 100 Bishopsgate hosier and outfitter
1840 Pigot directory by himself at 100 Bishopsgate, Hosier
1851 directory 155 at 100 Bishpsgate Henry Parnall unm. 40 clothiers cutters shopman b. Lamphey Pembroke, Thomas Parnall Bother unm. 48 assistant

1851 Census, 30 March. PRO Ref. HO 107, Piece 1524, Folio 576. St Botolph,
London, Middlesex. Address 100 Bishopsgate Street. Henry PARNELL, Head, Unm,
Age 40, Clothiers Cutter Shopman, birthplace Lampley, Pembroke. Thomas
PARNELL, Brother, Unm, Age 48, Assistants, birthplace Lampley, Wales.
Elizabeth HENDERSON, Serv, Wid, Age 45, Housekeeper, birthplace Whitechapel,
Middlesex.155

1852 Watkins Directory Henry and Robert clothiers and Hosiers 100 Bishopsgate and 13 Gresham street.

According to “Chevington, a Social Chronicle of a Suffolk Village” by Frank Cooper, published Phillimore 1984 ISBN 0 85033 558 2 Page 57-62
White’s Directory 1855 says a factory was established in 1852 for the production of ready-made clothes mainly for London and the overseas market. Some years after 1855, a William Beales is listed as a clothes manufacturer at Chevington and at centres in Essex, and from 1865 Samuel Beales is listed as his manager, age 36 living at Malting Farm Chevington.
“Until recently” i.e. 1984, there was a farm known as Factory Farm, on Factory Lane, and it is probable that the granary at the farm was the original factory. It is partly brick and partly timber, with an open ground floor (for waggons?) and above a long low room above which has some small glazed windows.

Mention in an 1861 directory for Robert and Henry Parnall mentions the “ manufactory at Chevington”, and among papers at Tan House Farm it mentions a newly built clothing factory. There was also a sale of land between the Parnalls and the village grocer John Brewster on 21 Feb 1862, the village shop was next to the new factory, so he may have owned the land..

The 1861 census states that William Beales was the manager of the “factory for wholesale manufacture of men’s clothing especially for exportation” and that the proprietors were Robert and Henry Parnall & Co. There were 30 sewing machines in the factory, and 600 people employed. It was more likely to have been a large workshop than a factory with a lot of machinery. By 1861 600 women were employed as in-workers, part and full time, and as outworkers. The parish itself only numbered 621people, so it was important to the whole area.

A “Factory Festival”is referred to in 1854 at which Robert Parnall was present. (The Bury and Norwich Post, and Suffolk Herald, Wednesday, June 21, 1854)161

“It is virtually certain” that in 1861-2 Messrs Parnall built the large complex “of brick and weatherboard” on Hargrave Road consisting of one large high workshop and other ancillary buildings, on the west side of the road about 100 yards from “The Greyhound” and appointed the previous owner-manager William Beales as their manager. The building existed for 130 years. Not known why the Parnalls chose Chevington, although it had rail links from Bury to Liverpool Street (that served Bishopsgate) and St Katherine’s docks. Also there was plenty of available labour in Chevington and the surrounding villages. The Bury railway also had electric telegraph in use.

Many employees were involved in work other than on the sewing machines, e.g. tailoring, laundering and pressing. Some family members might be ag. labs. and others working in the factory. In-workers sat at treadle machines which were arranged in 2 long rows, probably completing coats, jackets, and trousers; collars and sleeves having been made up at home. On large tables the garments would have been assembled, labelled and packed. Outworkers would have walked to the factory to get their materials and orders to take home. There was also a reception centre at Denston five miles away for outworkers from the villages nearer there.

By 1875 the factory had been sold to William Henry Smith who had already established a clothing factory in Barrow about 6 miles east of Bury St Edmunds (the book also mentions a factory at Cowlinge belonging to the Parnalls that was sold to Smith at the same time). Later it was owned by Richmond & lewis of Colchester, eventually closing in 1918 when J Harvey & Co of Bury owned it. It was later used as a petrol station for a haulier, Alfred Cawston Rolfe, and in 1981 it was irrevocably gutted by fire.

Robert Parnall sold the properties in Chevington in 1877 in four lots, Lot 1, a brick built messuage containing Grocer’s and draper’s shop, warehouse stabling coach house offices etc, garden and orchard (close to the factories of Mith & son, Lot 2 small farn at Chevington with land, Lot 3 arable land called ‘Broad Green” Lot 4 in Barrow arable land. (Bury and Norwich Post and Suffolk Herald, April 24 1877)161

The sites were visited by Kate Cole in 2011 who found that the building on Factory Lane still exists (on private land), but the site on Hargrave Road is probably part of the Greyhound pub car park.161

1861 directory 155187 Bishopsgate without Robert Parnall head unm. 45 wholesale clothier Llandepheu?Ann Parnall sister unm. 52 Llandepheu?Mary Hughes niece unm. 22 housekeeper Llandpheu. William Watson neph. unm. 38 draper assistant Cambridge.

An image of Henry Parnall is in the Collage of the City of London, showing him with other men in Bishopsgate churchyard, and states that he is senior churchwarden, dated 1861 161

1861, The london Journnal of ars and sciences and repertory of patent inventions shows Robert and Henry Parnall patenting “improvements in means for promoting warmth and comfort in railway and other...”

Walter Mead (age 18) and Robert Brown (age 19) were charged at the Old Bailey with stealing 3 coats the property of Robert Parnall and others, and receiving the same. Brown pleaded guilty and was confined for 12 months. Old Bailey ref: t18610923 - 744

On the night of Saturday 14 th December 1867 an attempt believed to be by Fenians was made to set fire to 187 Bishopsgate by putting a bottle of phosphorus through a fanlight. The door was on a passage called Two Swan Yard which leads to Liverpool Street, the Parnalls property (187) runs down the passage. It started a fire which was quickly put out by firemen from the firestation which was opposite the building. The report states that the building was 135 feet long, and 40 feet wide, and has 6 stories. See: The Essex Standard, and General Advertiser for the Eastern Counties Friday, December 20, 1867; Issue 1931161 The Nrewcastle Courant of 20 Dec refers to it as “Greek fire” - but it apperars to be the equivalent of what we could call a Molotov cocktail now. Water would not put the flames out, but it was eventually quenched by using sand. It says that behind the door was a pile of shirts, so it was fortunate that the damage was only to the door. It also said that several people usually sleep on the premises incuding Mr Henry Parnall.

By 1871 !00 Bishopsgate now with William and Charlotte BOOTH
The Parnall shop at Bishopsgate appears in “Tallis’s London Street Views 1838-1840” published by the London Topographical Society 2nd Edition ISBN 0902087479 There is also a ‘Parnall’ shop at Tottenham Court Road, and in the index only a clothing warehouse at 67 Blackman St Borough (now part of Borough High St) n.b. Cutcheys have clothing shop at 178 borough High St.

1855 built Hill House, architect Mr Dobson.164 Now after use as an orphanage among other things, is being restored and turned into a centre for holistic living and taking guests on courses.(1998)

1861 bought ‘Darkway’ building Orchard House on land adjoining farm164
1861 Census PRO Ref. RGO9 Piece 463, Folio 100, Page 8, Bromley
Address 4 Widmore Lane, Rochester Place, Widmore Lane, Bromley
Henry Parnall, Head, Unm., Age 51, Wholesale Clothier, born Pembroke, S. Wales
Julie Harris, Servant, Unm., age 30, Housekeeper, born Gloucester
1871 till his death a churchwarden.
He gave money to Llanstephan church-162
1872 restored and fitted with pews.
1874 tablet erected by parishioners as thanks- he also repaired gravestones
1875 presented peal of 8 bells at a cost of £1200, the tenor bearing an inscription to that effect.[ They were first used 1st Jan 1876 to ring in the New Year.. Mar 1998 a candlelit service was held to celebrate the return of the bells after repair and rehanging as the housing had rotted.
1875 living at Orchard House

Shoreditch Observer and Borough of Hackney Express Aug 24th 1867
Bishopsgate Churchyard has been made into pretty garden by Henry Parnall senior churchwarden, and in ‘recognition of the benefits conferrd by Mr Parnall upon the parish and of his liberality and kindness to the poor at all times, the Rector and principal inhabitants presented him with a candelabra and loving cup.

1868 - Hermann Meyer was charged with Deceptoon and fraud 4th May 1868 at the Old Bailey, unlawfully obtaining goods by false pretences from Henry Parnall and another, found guilty and sentenced to penal servitude. Old Bailey ref: t18680504- 460

Gave an endowment of £2500 to University College Aberystwyth and became a vice president (as was Robert) for Chair of Natural Science155(email 26 May03 )

In 1873 Landowners Carmarthen:-
Parnall Hy. Carmarthen, (extent of lands) 24A 2R 37P, (gross estimated rental) £46
(a P C Parnall appears below him - see Robert)

1881 memorial window in south wall to him.
in will [proved 22 July 1878] left £3000 for choir and organist
obituary in “the Welshman”

From “Register of Defunct Companies” Year book
“Parnall, Robert & Henry &co ltd. Reg 1897 Capital returned to Contributaries- 7s 6d per preference share of £1 in 1904, further payments if any not known. Removed from register 1906” 155

William Parnall is mentioned in his will. He was living at Hill House age 49 b. Islington with his wife Ellen age 44 both retired merchants10
In 1840 Post Office Directory William Parnall are Clothiers and hosiers of 219 Blackfriars Road

Journal Cambrian, Catalogue Index C10, DEATH NOTICES, Journal Date 21 June 1878. ON 5 JUNE, AT BRIGHTON, HENRY PARNALL, LONDON AND LLANSTEPHAN SOUTH WALES, AGED 67 YEARS.155,165

Henry Parnall’s will:-
Died 5th June 1878
Will proved 22nd July 1878
Late of 187 Bishopsgate Street Without in the City of London, Wholesale Clothier
Executors Isaac Watts, John Brown, William Payne, David Thomas all of 187 Bishopsgate.
Effects under £120000 Leashold

Bequests

Catherine DAVIES sister, widow of Lord’s Park Llanstephan
Bequest: 6 leasehold messuages Hill House Buildings, and all effects etc there

Charlotte Amelia and John George WICKHAM children of my late housekeeper Amelia LANGRIDGE formerly WICKHAM
Bequest: Freehold 22 Buckingham Road Brighton. Amelia to take rents etc during children’s minority and all household goods to her.

Fanny Pelly HARRIS and Augusta HARRIS of Gloucester, spinsters
Bequest: 23 Buckingham Road and all apps.

Robert PARNALL my brother
Bequest: £10000

Elizabeth PARNALL wife to Robert
Bequest: £5000

Rose Elizabeth and Robert Henry PARNALL children of brother Robert,
Bequest: £5000 each

William Henry PARNALL nephew
Bequest: £5000

Edmund PARNALL nephew
Bequest: £2000

William Davies PARNALL nephew
Bequest: £5000

Edmund, David, and Benjamin DAVIES nephews
Bequest: £2000 each

John, Robert and George CUTCHEY nephews, sons of my late sister Jane
Bequest: £2000 each

Alfred CUTCHEY nephew, son of late sister Jane
Bequest: £1000

John JENNINGS now in Henry & Robert’s employ
Bequest: £1000

William WATSON of Shalford Essex Clothier
Bequest: £1000

Ellen WAREING niece, wife of John WAREING
Bequest: £2000

Anne JENNINGS niece wife of George Baily JENNINGS
Bequest: £2000

Maria JEREMY niece wife of Thomas JEREMY
Bequest: £1000

Lucy CUTCHEY niece
Bequest: £1000

John and Thomas GREENISH cousins
Bequest: £1000 each

Jane MORGAN cousin spinster
Bequest: £1000

Esther HUGHES cousin widow of Thomas HUGHES of Haverfordwest
Bequest: £1000

Amelia DAVIES cousin widow of John DAVIES late of 187 Bishopsgate.
£1000

Isaac WATTS, John BROWN, William PAYNE, David THOMAS executors
Bequest: £1000 each

Frederick BROWN one of the managers of the firm
Bequest: £1000

James BARLOW cashier of firm
Bequest: £1000

Elizabeth Mary BALDWIN widow late of 14 Pitt St Gloucester
Bequest: £300

Fanny Pelly, Augusta and Mary HARRIS sisters of Elizabeth Mary BALDWIN
Bequest: £200

Edith Kate CLAPHAM eldest child of my friend Henry CLAPHAM OF 181 Bishopsgate
Bequest: £500 free of legacy duty

William Henry PARNALL, William Davies PARNALL and Edmund DAVIES of Lord’s Park nephews
Bequest: All the rest and residue

CODICIL

Anne PARNALL sister
Bequest: 5 Freehold Messuages on The Green Llanstephan

John WAREING nephew of 65 High St Shoreditch, George CUTCHEY, and Elizabeth BISHOP housekeeper
Bequest: 86 Marine Parade Brighton (where Henry is now living), to be held as tenants in common, household effects etc from that address

Three Female Domestic servants at 86 Marine Parade
Bequest: £250 each

Six children of my niece Anne Baily JENNINGS widow
Bequest: £500 each at age 21, until then to be invested for mother to use for their upkeep

Seven children of my niece Maria JEREMY of High St Camden Town
Bequest: £500 each at age 21, until then to be invested for father to use for their upkeep

University College of Wales Aberystwith
Bequest: £5000

Vicar and Churchwardens of Llanstephan Parish Church
Bequest: £3000 to be invested and used for upkeep of Choir and Organist

Rector and Churchwardens of St Botolph Bishopsgate
Bequest: £1000 for upkeep of Churchyard as a garden, or if this is not possible for Choir

Six children of nephew Edmund PARNALL
Bequest: £500

Executors (as above)
Bequest: A further £1000

Female servants in my employ or in employment at firm
Bequest: £1000 to be divided equally between them

Cutters and Porters at firm
Bequest: £2000 to be divided equally among them

Original will 14th February 1877
Will and codicil proved 22nd July 1878

By 1881 22 Buckingham rd was a lodging house with Amelia & childrenstill there, Henry Saunders was living at 20 Buckingham rd, not the Davies sisters155

sonnet about him by Mrs A.H.Thompson of Carmarthen (from"History of Llanstephan "by William Waters 1881) This book also says he was born in Llanstephan not Hodgeston

'As Kyrle - "the Man of Ross" -"by orphans blessed,"
When great death garnered him to his dark fold,
Was mourned and missed by weeping young and old,
Llanstephan mourns: the philanthropic breast,
Hands quick with help the destitute to fill,
Lie pulseless, far away and cold and still,
Parnall, name most beloved, where known the best!
Wealth, that oft hardens hearts, chills genial blood,
filled his with charities- feastful of good.
"Mong the Beatitudes, who reach the Rest,
Blessed are the merciful. Peace to the clay
Whose tenant-soul turned Want's grim night to day;
Forgetting not, 'mid cities' tramping host
His peaceful birthplace on Wales' quiet coast'

Article in the Wrexham Advertiser, Saturday June 22nd 1878. Prizegiving at University of Wales - report on Henry’s death and the contribution Henry and Robert made, early supporters, generous, assisted in labours of Council, Henry took active part in last 2 years particularly in Natural Science department, encourage young men in mining and agriculture. Left money in will.

Carmarthenshire Charity Papers ACC 6186 Llanstephan parish ref T/CHA/119 Henry Parnall1903-1908, 1910-1911, 1914-1927

Morning Post March 11 1899, 3 men were charged with conspiring to defraud the Company and were sent for trial. Ernest Gray, Ralph Webb and Richard Alexander Slater pleaded guilty to conspiring to obtain cheques for £306. and other sums from R and H Parnell & Co. by false pretences - restitution had been promised so judgement respited. Old Bailey ref: t18990410-316

The Economist of 20 Feb 1897 issue 2791 shows Robert and Henry Parnall & Co Ltd under new loans and new companies with nominal capital of £150,00, of which £112,00 was offered to the public. July 31 1897 offering 75,000 shares at five and a half per cent etc.

The AGM of Henry and Robert Parnall and co, Ltd was reported in The Economist on 4th Aug 1900, the 3rd AGM, Mr Mowat presiding.

Company Robert & Henry Parnall & Co Ltd still in process of being wound up in 1905 Ref j13/4119 Records of the Chancery Division Royal Courts of Justice